Screening for medical diseases is of critical importance as it assists to detect diseases in the early stages of development before signs and symptoms are noted. By detecting diseases early, treatment can be initiated which will improve the chances of better outcomes and a full recovery. Screening also helps to reduce progression of diseases and the risks of complications. It will also help you identify risk factors and give you an opportunity for lifestyle changes and medical interventions that will assist in preventing the progression of a disease. Regular screening will also help in monitoring the progression of a disease and how effective the management and treatment has been.

It is also important to note that some diseases, such as cancer, may spread to other body parts if left untreated. By diagnosing and treating a disease in the early stages, the risk of spread and complications may be minimised.  As an South African adult, it is recommended to undergo regular screening for various medical conditions.

Cancer 

Regular check-ups with your doctor can help detect cancer in its early stages, when it is most treatable. Early detection of cancer allows for a greater range of treatment options and a higher likelihood of successful treatment. Regular pap smears for women can help detect cervical cancer in its early stages. For breast cancer, women over the age of 40 are encouraged to have a mammogram every two years. Men over the age of 50 should get a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to screen for prostate cancer. Adults over the age of 50 should get a colonoscopy to screen for colorectal cancer. Regular mole and skin screening is crucial to detect any chance of skin cancer.

Dental care

It is generally recommended that you have dental check-ups at least once every six months. This frequency may be adjusted based on individual needs and factors such as the presence of gum disease, a history of cavities, and the overall health of your teeth and gums. Your dentist will check for signs of gum disease and oral cancer, cavities, bite and jaw problems, tooth erosion and clean plaque and tartar buildup.

Eye health

There are several screening tests that can help assess the health of your eyes and detect vision problems early, when they are most treatable. It is recommended that you have a comprehensive eye exam at least once a year, or more frequently if you have a history of vision problems or eye disease. People with high risk factors, such as a family history of glaucoma or diabetes, may need to be screened more frequently. Individuals over the age of 60 should have a glaucoma screen. 

Weight

Weight screening is an important part of preventive health care and is typically performed during regular check-ups with your doctor. Your doctor will use height and weight measurements to calculate your body mass index (BMI); which is a measure of body fat based on your height and weight. Make an appointment with your doctor annually to check BMI which will determine if you are currently underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. Your doctor may discuss your overall health, lifestyle habits, and any other factors that may be contributing to your weight status should it be a problem.

Non-communicable diseases

A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease which is non-infectious, so it cannot be passed from person to person. Cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancer, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes. Adults should get a fasting blood glucose test once a year for diabetes prevention. Adults should have their blood pressure, cholesterol and heart rate checked once a year which is one indicator of cardiovascular health. 

Communicable diseases

Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, are illnesses caused by the transmission of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites from one person to another. These diseases can be spread through a variety of means, including close contact, coughing and sneezing, sexual contact, and contaminated food or water. Regular HIV testing is recommended for everyone, especially those at higher risk. Tuberculosis (TB) screening is recommended for those who have a higher risk of exposure to TB.

Please note that whilst outlining a summary of recommended screenings above, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional like Dr Avron Urison to determine what screening tests are right for you and how often you should have them based on your personal health and family history. In summary, regular screening for diseases is a vital part of health, wellnesses and preventative care in that it assists in detecting diseases early, improves the outcomes and achieves better chances of a full recovery.